by Jugal Kalita, kalita@pikespeak.uccs.edu
- Before 4th century BC: Nothing much known
- Mohiranga Danaw and his descendents; the last king's name was Ghatakaaxur
- Bhouma Dynasty
1. Narakaaxur: 400-350 BC
2-26. 25 descendents of 1, ruled for 600 years
Names of kings include: Bhagadatta, Puspadatta, Bajradatta
and others
(contemporaries of Narakaaxur: Baanaaxur, the king of Sonitpur;
Bishmak Roja: the king of Sodiyaa)- Barman Dyansty
27. Pusya Barman 350 AD 28. Xomudra Barman 380 AD s27 29. Bala Barman I 405 AD s28 30. Kolyaan Barman 420 AD s29 31. Ganapoti Barman 440 AD s30 32. Mahendra Barman 450 AD s31 33. Narayan Barman 485 AD s32 34. Bhuti Barman 510 AD s33 35. Chandramukh Barman 555 AD s34 36. Sthita Barman 565 AD s35 37. Xusthita Barman 585 AD s36 38. Xupratisthita Barman 593 AD s37 39. Bhaskar Barman 594 AD s37
- Xaala Stambha Dynasty
40. Xaala Stambha 650 AD u 41. Bijoy Stambha 675 AD s40 42. Palak ? s41 43. Kumar ? s42 44. Bajradeb ? s43 45. Sriharxadeb 725 AD s44 46. Bala Barman II 750 AD s45 47. ?? 765 AD u
- Barman Dynasty (again)
48. Xalambha 790 AD u 49. Arathi 810 AD b48 50. Hajara Barman 815 AD s49 51. Banamaala Barman 835 AD s50 52. Jayamaala 865 AD s51 53. Bala Barman III 885 AD s52 54. ?? 910 AD u
- Paal Dynasty
55. Tyag Sinha 970 AD u 56. Brahmapaal 990 AD u 57. Ratnapaal 1010 AD s56 58. Indrapaal 1040 AD gs56 59. Gopaal 1065 AD s58 60. Harxapaal 1085 AD s59 61. Dharmapaal 1095 AD s60 62. Jayapaal 1120 AD s61 63. Baidyadeb 1138 AD u 64. Rayaarideb 1145 AD u 65. Udayakarna ? s64 66. Ballabhadeb 1175 AD s65 67. Bishwasundradeb 1195 AD u
- Ahom Dynasties
68. Sukaphaa 1228 AD u 69. Sutephaa 1268 AD s68 70. Subinphaa 1281 AD s69 71. Sukhaangphaa 1293 AD s70 72. Sukhraangphaa 1332 AD s71 73. Sutuphaa 1364 AD s71 Chaos in the country 1376 AD 74. Tyokhaamti 1380 AD s71 Chaos in the country 1389 AD 75. Sudangphaa (Baamuni Kunwar) 1397 AD s74 76. Sujangphaa 1407 AD u 77. Sukaakphaa 1422 AD u 78. Susenphaa 1439 AD s77 79. Suhenphaa 1488 AD s78 80. Supimphaa 1493 AD s79 81. Suhunmunga (Dihingiaa Rojaa) 1497 AD s80 82. Suklenmunga (Gorgoyaan Rojaa) 1539 AD s81 83. Sukhaamphaa (Khuraa Rojaa) 1552 AD s82 84. Susenghphaa (Prataap Xingha) 1603 AD s83 85. Suramphaa (Bhogaa Rojaa) 1641 AD s84 86. Sutingphaa (Noriyaa Rojaa) 1644 AD s85 87. Jayadwaj Xingha (Bhoganiyaa Rojaa)1648 AD s86 88. Supangmunga (Chakradwaj Xingha) 1663 AD u 89. Sunyatphaa (Udayaaditya Xingha) 1669 AD b88 90. Suklanphaa (Ramdwaj Xingha) 1673 AD b88 91. Suhunga Rojaa 1675 AD 92. Gobar Rojaa 1675 AD gg81 93. Sujinphaa 1675 AD u 94. Sudoiphaa 1677 AD u 95. Sulikphaa (Loraa Rojaa) 1679 AD u 96. Godhaadar Xingha 1681 AD s92 97. Rudra Xingha 1696 AD s96 98. Xiba Xingha 1714 AD s97 99. Pramatta Xingha 1744 AD s97 100. Raajeswar Xingha 1751 AD s97 101. Lakshmi Xingha 1769 AD s97 102. Gaurinaath Xingha 1780 AD s101 103. Kamaleswar Xingha 1795 AD g96 104. Chandrakaanta Xingha (1) 1811 AD b103 105. Puranadar Xingha (1) 1817 AD g100 106. Chandrakaanta Xingha (2) 1819-1821 AD 109. Purandar Xingha (2) (Upper Assam only) 1833-1838 AD
-------Assam's Independence Ends------------
Brief History of Assam after 1826 1826: Assam annexation by British complete; Assam made a part of the Province of Bengal; Assam divided into two commissions: Upper Assam and Lower Assam
1832: Division of Assam into the districts of Goalpara, Kamrup, Darrang, Nagaon
1832: Kochaari Kingdom consisting of current districts of Karbi Anglong, Cachar and others annexed to Assam, made part of Nagaon district
1833: Upper Assam made an independent kingdom and Purandar Xingha made king
1834: Independent Kochaari Kingdom reestablished
1835: Tea Plantation Inauagarated
1835: Jaintia Hills were annexed to Assam
1836: Assamese language was replaced by Bengal as the official language of Assam
1838: Upper Assam again annexed by the British, districts of Sibsagar and Lakhimpur established
1842: Matak Kingdom around Xodiyaa annexed by British into Assam
1850: Kochaari Kingdom re-annexed to Assam
1866: Angaami Naga Kingdom annexed to Assam, made a district
1869: Garo Kingdom annexed to Assam, made a district
1873: Assamese was once again made the official language of Assam after a period of 37 years
1874: Assam separated from Bengal and made into a separate province
1898: Lushaai Kingdom annexed by British, made a district of Assam
1905-12: Assam made a part of the new province of East Bengal and Assam under a lieutenant governor
1912: Division of Bengal ends, Assam made a part of Bengal again; Assam is overseen by a chief commissioner
1917: Kuki Naga Kingdom annexed to the District of Nagaland in Assam
1919: Assam made a separate province again, Sylleht made a district of Assam
1921: Governorship is created in Assam
1947: District of Sylleht votes to join East Pakistan
1948: University established in Guwahati
1951: Dewangiri in Kamrup ceded to Bhutan
1963: District of Nagaland separated from Assam and made into a state
1972: NEFA, Garo and Khaasiyaa Hills, Mizoram, Manipur, Tripura separated from Assam. Gaaro and Khaasiyaa Hills become the state of Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura also become a state.
NEFA becomes the state of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram becomes a state, both in 1987.
Legend:
- The year against a king's name is the year of ascension to the throne.
- bN: brother of king numbered N
- gN: grandson of king numbered N
- ggN: great grandson king numbered N
- sN: Son of king numbered N
- u: Relation to previous kings unknown, or unrelated to previous kings
- ?: Date unknown
- ??: One or more unknown kings
Sources:
- ed. R.F. Tapsell, Monarchs, Rulers, Dynasties and Kingdoms of the World, 1983, Thames and Hudson Ltd., London
- Dambarudhar Nath, Axam Buranji (for BA students), Student Stores, Guwahati, 1988
- Dambarudhar Nath, Axam Buranji (for Higher Secondary students), 1990, Bharati Book Stall, Golaghat.
- ed. Audrey Butler, Everyman's Dictionary of Dates, 6th edition, 1974, J.M. Dent and Sons, London
- ed. Francis Robinson, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, 1989, Cambridge University Press, London
- ed. Jogendra Narayan Bhuyan, Anandaraam Dhekiyaal Phukanar Axomiyaa Loraar Mitra, Anandaraam Barooah Institute of Language, Arts and Culture, Guwahati, 1992 (1st edition: 1849)
Authors Note:
Last year, three volumes on the history of Assam were published by the Assam Publication Board (Axom Prokaxon Parixad). I have copies of three of those. Some others on the net may have them. I know Boijayanta has them. A fourth volume is going to be published soon.
I have used the books to find some information once in a while, but otherwise haven't really studied them.
Anyway, here is some information I had collected last year on the kings and emperors of Assam.